DNA Databases: INTERPOL’s Strategy and Experience in International Identification

Forensic identification through DNA analysis has become an indispensable tool in resolving criminal investigations and searching for missing persons on a global scale. In this context, INTERPOL, through its DNA Unit, plays a fundamental role as a facilitator of international police cooperation, providing secure infrastructure and normative frameworks that allow its 196 member countries to share data efficiently.

This presentation outlines the operational structure of INTERPOL’s DNA databases and analyzes the technical and functional differences between the “DNA Database” and the “I-Familia” database. While the former focuses on direct comparison of biological samples and criminal profiles, I-Familia utilizes advanced algorithms for the comparison of biological relatives, proving crucial for the identification of unidentified human remains and missing persons. Updated statistics on global participation are presented, highlighting the success of international cases resolved through this cross-border collaboration, as well as the impact of public communication campaigns such as “Identify Me,” which has created an effective bridge between law enforcement and society.

A core focus of this presentation is to outline strategies specifically adapted to the unique requirements of each geographic region. While there has been sustained growth in the global exchange of genetic profiles, evidenced by a significant increase in data contribution during the 2024-2025 period, many countries continue to face common structural challenges. These obstacles generally include disparities in national legal frameworks, technical infrastructure limitations, a critical need for expanded technical training for laboratory personnel, and coordination difficulties between National Central Bureaus (NCBs) and judicial authorities.

Through INTERPOL’s diverse regional training initiatives, such as the ‘DNA Exchange Tools and International Comparison’ (DNA-SPOC) course and additional multilingual training resources, the aim is to mitigate these gaps. The objective is to foster the harmonization of national laws and promote the efficient use of DNA systems, regardless of initial bureaucratic complexity.

Finally, this presentation provides a roadmap for future collaboration. It emphasizes that the effectiveness of DNA as forensic evidence depends not only on technology but on a robust policy of international cooperation. Countries are invited to strengthen their exchange processes, standardize protocols, and leverage INTERPOL tools not only for current investigations but also for addressing “cold cases.” The integration of genetic data at a global level represents the future of criminal justice and an unwavering commitment to human rights and personal identity.